Physics papers

M.S.Naderi

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Physics Papers

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In this section, there are some papers that you can first see their abstracts and if you want, you can Download them.

Topics:

These papers are about two topics:

1. Quantum Gravity

2. Quantum Mechanics

An introduction to Quantum Gravity [PDF]Abstract

This is an introduction to quantum gravity, aimed at a fairly general audience and concentrating on what have historically been the two main approaches to quantum gravity: the covariant and canonical programs (string theory is not covered). The quantization of gravity is discussed by analogy with the quantization of the electromagnetic field. The conceptual and technical problems of both approaches are discussed, and the paper concludes with a discussion of evidence for quantum gravity from the rest of physics.
The paper assumes some familiarity with non-relativistic quantum mechanics, special relativity, and the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of classical mechanics; some experience with classical field theory, quantum electrodynamics and the gauge principle in electromagnetism might be helpful but is not required. No knowledge of general relativity or of quantum field theory in general is assumed.

Introduction to Quantum Gravity [PDF]Abstract

The goal of this article is to present a broad perspective on quantum gravity for non-experts. After a historical introduction, key physical problems of quantum gravity are illustrated. While there are a number of interesting and insightful approaches to address these issues, over the past two decades sustained progress has primarily occurred in two programs: string theory and loop quantum gravity. The ¯rst program is described in Horowitz's contribution while my article will focus on the second. The emphasis is on underlying ideas, conceptual issues and overall status of the program rather than mathematical details and associated technical subtleties.

The Bohm Approach [PDF]Briefe introducton:

This paper is about Bohm's Interpretation of quantum mechanics.

Is chance or choice the essence of Nature? [PDF]Abstract

At the beginning of the twenty first century the prevailing and vigorously defended view is that the Universe happened by chance. All fundamental sub-atomic processes are thought to be “random” and the only way to quantify them seems to be the “uncertainty” principle. Clearly, our conclusions about the Reality of the Universe are determined and limited by our imagination. Can we imagine alternatives? What if nothing in the Universe is by chance? Could it be by CHOICE?

Interpretations of quantum mechanics [PDF]Abstract

In this article at first there is a historical note of experiments and observations that lead to Quantum mechanics and after that some interpretations of QM (Complementarity, Copenhagen, and Choice interpretation) are briefly introduced.

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